Interestingly, this redirection of resources towards global health by the NIH and the BMGF contradicted the traditional wisdom: that increases in funding from one agency in a particular area of research will lead other agencies to reduce their financial support for the same field. We found that the NIH supplemented the GCGH with increased funding of approximately US$1 billion for global health issues at a time when the overall NIH budget experienced little growth. Here, we review the impact of the Grand Challenges for Global Health (GCGH) initiative that was started by the BMGF in 2003 and that managed to influence the NIH's funding priorities. Most notable of these foundations has been the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF Seattle, WA, USA which was set up by the couple in 2000. However, more recently, the US Federal Government's funding allocations through the NIH have been influenced by private foundations, shifting their focus and resources towards addressing the problems of global health. Given that the NIH distributes taxpayers' money, it predominantly supports research that targets health problems affecting US citizens. In the USA, the National Institutes of Health (NIH Bethesda, MD, USA) has an annual budget of approximately US$30 billion and influences biomedical research extensively by setting funding priorities. The foundation frequently stated that the goal was not only to solve global health challenges, but also to attract new scientists to the field
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